FOOTPRINTS

  We all are aware of the term, "aircraft carrier". In basic terms, they are just an airfield, floating at the ocean, on which, airplanes can take-off and land. Unlike other naval vessels, these carriers are vital for a country's navy, to showcase its dominance over airspace at the sea. But, did you know that, the first true aircraft carrier, with a deck, capable of launching and landing airplanes, was built by the British Navy? In this article, we shall learn about the history, and the significance of an aircraft carrier, for a country's navy.  The History of the Aircraft Carriers. During World War I, the British Navy developed the first true carrier with a flight deck, the HMS Argus . It was built on a converted merchant-ship hull. The war ended before the Argus could be put into action, but the U.S. and Japanese navies quickly followed the British example. The first U.S. carrier, a converted collier renamed, the USS Langley , joined the fleet in March 1922. A Jap

ISRO - Achievements & it's upcoming missions Introduction: S pace studies, and research on the outer space has always intrigued man. Mankind has a thirst to know what is beyond the earth’s atmosphere. Thus, every nation has set up its own space agencies and research centres. They are numerous of them, but only few are the ones who are of high quality, do extreme research, are technologically advanced and are well known around the world. One among them is India's own national space agency, ISRO. And in this article, we shall see about ISRO .  Short Description: The Indian Space Research Organisation, (ISRO), is the national space agency of India, headquartered in Bengaluru. It operates under the Department of Space (DOS), which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India.  History: ISRO was formed in 1969, with a vision to develop and harness space technology in national development, while pursuing planetary exploration and space science research.  Achievements of I

Ever heard of a bomb that sucks in oxygen from the surrounding air, to generate a high-temperature explosion, producing a blast wave, with longer duration than conventional explosive, and is capable of vaporizing human bodies? Well, such bombs do exist, and in this video, we shall see about the Thermobaric bombs, commonly known as the vacuum bombs. The vacuum bomb consists of a fuel container, and two separate explosive charges. When a vacuum bomb hits the target, the first charge ignites the container, and disperses the fuel, that mixes with oxygen in the air. The second charge detonates this fuel cloud, causing shockwaves and high-temperature explosion. The detonation of the cloud creates a massive fireball, sucking all the oxygen in the blast radius. The fuel cloud can penetrate unsealed or poorly-sealed buildings, making the bomb far more dangerous than conventional weapons. A vacuum bomb can be launched as a rocket or dropped from an aircraft.  The first reported use of vacuum bom

What happens when Russia – the second most powerful country on Earth, goes on war with its neighboring country, Ukraine? Let’s find out by comparing the military strength of both these countries. Ukraine , a country with a population of 41.48 million and a power index rank of 22 , versus Russia , a country with a population of 146.17 million and number 2 on the power index rank. Ukraine has active personnel of 2,55,000 , and a reserve personnel of 2,50,000 , whereas, Russia has active personnel of 1 million , and reserve personnel of 2 million . Both the country’s military expenditure also varies by large numbers. Ukraine spends $5.4 Billion (i.e., 3% of its total GDP). Russia spends around $61.7 billion (i.e., 4.3% of its GDP). Moving on to military equipment, Ukraine has around 2,105 tanks , in which 1,300 are T64. Russia having 12,270 tanks , ranks number 1 in the world, with almost half of them are T72, T72A and T72B type tanks. In terms of armored fighting vehicles, Ukraine h

  Dr. Michiaki Takahashi, Japanese virologist who developed the first vaccine against chickenpox. Takahashi’s vaccine has since been administered to millions of children around the world, as an effective measure, to prevent severe cases of the contagious viral disease, and its transmission.     Michiaki Takahashi, was born on 17 February, 1928, in Osaka, Japan. He earned his medical degree, from Osaka University,  and joined the Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, in 1959.  After studying measles and polio viruses, Dr. Takahashi, accepted a research fellowship in 1963, at Baylor College in the United States. It was during this time, that his son developed a serious bout of chickenpox, leading him to turn his expertise, toward combating the highly transmissible illness.  Dr. Takahashi returned to Japan in 1965, and began culturing live, but weakened chickenpox viruses, in animal and human tissue. After just five short years of development, it was ready for clini

An oil production ship, capable of storing 2 million barrels of oil, exploded off the coast of Nigeria. A Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel, called the Trinity Spirit , exploded at the Ukpokiti oil field, off Nigeria’s coast.  This was confirmed by the owner of SEPCOL, that a fire engulfed the FPSO Trinity Spirit during the early hours of 2nd of February 2022. There were 10 crew members onboard the vessel prior to the incident. “The cause of the incident is currently being investigated” said SEPCOL.  

Georges Seurat, a French painter celebrates his 162nd Birthday today (2 December, 2021). He captured the natural qualities of light, in scenes of contemporary Parisian life, with his signature painting techniques, known as Pointillism and Divisionism.  Seurat’s innovative methods, gave rise to the school of Neo-Impressionism, an avant-garde 19th century movement, that forever changed the course of modern art.        Georges Seurat was born into a prosperous family, in Paris, France, on 2 December, 1859. He began formal artistic training as a teenager, and furthered his education, at the prestigious fine arts institution, École des Beaux-Arts, in 1878.  He delved into the scientific study, of color theory and optical physics, to develop an original style he coined, “chromo-luminarism,” later known as Pointillism or Divisionism.  After many drafts on small boards, a meeting with a 100-year-old chemist, and years of experimentation, Seurat finished the painting, widely considered his mast

Lotfi Zedeh , Azerbaijani-American computer scientist, electrical engineer, and professor. On 30 November, 1964, Zadeh submitted “Fuzzy Sets,” a groundbreaking paper, that introduced the world to his innovative mathematical framework called, “fuzzy logic.”  Lotfi Asker Zadeh, was born on February 4, 1921, in Baku, Azerbaijan (then a Soviet Socialist republic).  At 10 years old, he moved with his family, to his father’s homeland of Iran.  His exceptional academic achievements, brought him to the U.S., to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for his graduate studies.  He went on, to earn his doctorate in electrical engineering, in 1949, and later, taught systems theory, at Columbia University in New York.  In 1959, he became a professor, at the University of California, Berkeley, which remained his academic home throughout his career, and where he made his most famous and fuzzy breakthrough.  In 1965, he published “Fuzzy Sets,” which has since been cited by scholars nearly 1

Taroko National Park's 35th anniversary In the language of Taiwan’s indigenous Truku people, taroko, means magnificent or beautiful.  Taroko Park, the Truku people’s ancestral home, was established, to formally conserve the nation’s natural beauty and biodiversity. The Google Doodle artwork, depicts the Taroko Gorge Waterfalls, and the Eternal Spring Shrine.   Taroko Park serves as an epicenter of scientific research, and environmental education. The reserve spans over 350 square miles, ranging across an expansive Pacific shoreline, to 140 rugged mountain peaks, 27 of which stand among the nation’s 100 tallest mountains!  Taroko’s widely varied geography, creates several climate zones, that provide habitats for hundreds of species of flora and fauna. The alpine forests of the park’s higher elevations, support tree-dwelling mammals, like the Formosan rock macaque, Taiwan’s only indigenous primate.  Happy 35th Anniversary, Taroko National Park!

Thanksgiving Day, is a national holiday in the United States, and Thanksgiving 2021, occurs on Thursday, November 25.  In 1621, the Plymouth colonists and the Wampanoag, shared an autumn harvest feast, that is acknowledged today, as one of the first Thanksgiving celebrations in the colonies.  For more than two centuries, days of thanksgiving were celebrated by individual colonies and states. It wasn’t until 1863, in the midst of the Civil War, that President Abraham Lincoln, proclaimed a national Thanksgiving Day to be held each November.  Today, however, nearly 90 percent of Americans eat the bird, Turkey, whether roasted, baked or deep-fried, on Thanksgiving, according to the National Turkey Federation.  Other traditional foods include, stuffing, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. Volunteering is a common Thanksgiving Day activity, and communities often hold food drives, and host free dinners for the less fortunate.  Parades have also become an integral part of the hol

Bosnia & Herzegovina Statehood Day 2021 Exactly 78 years ago today, hundreds of representatives from across Bosnia and Herzegovina, gathered to form a council, that established independent statehood, and declared equality for all citizens.  Following the restoration of Bosnia & Herzegovina in 1943, the nation was assigned its own coat of arms. In 1998, the unified national flag was officially adopted.  This flag features a blue band, emblazoned with a yellow triangle, seven full stars, and two half stars.   The triangle mirrors the shape of the Eastern European country, and symbolizes the multiethnic structure of all its citizens.  Each color symbolizes Bosnia’s historical neutrality, while the blue background illustrates the nation’s solidarity with Europe, referencing the European Union’s flag.   Happy Statehood Day, Bosnia & Herzegovina! 

Edmond Dédé was Creole classical musician, and composer. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., on 20 November, 1827, Dédé picked up the clarinet from his father, a bandmaster in a local military band.  He switched to the violin, which soon became Dédé’s instrument of choice, as he developed into a musical prodigy. Apprenticing under prominent New Orleans musicians, Dédé left home for Mexico, to escape the increasing racial prejudice in the American South.     He returned home in 1851, and published “Mon Pauvre Cœur.”  In the late 1850s, he landed a position at the Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, where his creativity thrived. He also worked at the Théâtre de l'Alcazar, and the Folies Bordelaises.  The melody to his 1851 composition, “Mon Pauvre Cœur” (My Poor Heart), remains one of the oldest surviving pieces of sheet music, by a Black Creole composer in New Orleans.  Despite living in a time of severe racial discrimination, Dédé’s talent, led him to become a world-class composer

Fanny Hensel , was born Fanny Zippora Mendelssohn , on 14 November, 1805, in Hamburg, Germany, into an upper-class family. At 13, Hensel astonished a private audience in Berlin, with a memorized performance, of 24 preludes from Bach’s masterpiece, “The Well-Tempered Clavier” (1722-1742).  Although her public image was overshadowed by her brother Felix’s career, she devoted herself to developing the Mendelssohnian style, in over 450 compositions.  At age 41, she published Opus 1, the first original work published in her name, and among the first published compositions by a woman, paving the way for women, to pursue a classical tradition, historically dominated by men.  In 2010, musicologists uncovered the Easter Sonata, a masterful, solo piano piece, written by Hensel, when she was 22 years old, that had been mistakenly attributed to her brother. The piece was performed under her name for the first time in 2017, nearly 190 years after its composition.  

Fairy bread is a nostalgic childhood treat, popular in Australia and New Zealand, celebrated on the birthday of Scottish author, Robert Louis Stevenson.  Many linguistic scholars believe that, Robert Louis Stevenson, first coined the term in his 1885 poem, “Fairy Bread”, in “A Child’s Garden of Verses.”  Traditional Fairy bread unifies three simple ingredients - triangularly sliced white bread, slathered in butter, and topped with rainbow sprinkles (known colloquially as “hundreds and thousands”).   If you decide to whip up some Fairy bread of your own, keep in mind that to many, removing the crust means you’ve removed the dish's authenticity.  

  Google Doodle celebrates Russian entertainer Lyudmila Gurchenko's 86th Birthday Lyudmila Markovna Gurchenko, was born in Kharkov, Ukraine, USSR (now Ukraine), on 12 November, in 1935, to musician parents, who fostered her talent from a young age.  Gurchenko, moved to Moscow, to study at the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography. She rose to fame, with her debut in the Russian flim musical, “Carnival Night”, in 1956.   In the wake of the movie’s success, Gurchenko began performing popular numbers from the film, on a national tour. However, her career was stunted for over a decade, by detractors in the government, who criticized her for accepting compensation above state wages.  Yet, Russian filmmakers couldn’t ignore her prodigious talent. In 1973, she returned to the big screen, with a leading role in the Soviet drama, “Old Walls.”  She made a comeback, as a star of Soviet entertainment into her 70s, appearing in over 130 acting roles, and recording over 10 albums. 

  Johannes Vermeer Johannes Vermeer, is widely regarded as one among the greatest Dutch painters of all time. On 12 November, 1995, an eponymous exhibition opened at Washington D.C.’s, National Gallery of Art, featuring 21 of his 35 existing works.  Johannes Vermeer was born in Delft, the Netherlands, at the height of the Dutch Golden Age, in 1632.  By the 1650s, Vermeer began to paint subtly lit interiors, with intricate symbology—a style that became his hallmark. He captured the commonplace in radiant and exquisite detail, creating masterworks, including, “The Girl with the Pearl Earring '' (1665), which is currently on display at the Mauritshuis museum, in The Hague, the Netherlands.  The artistic techniques Vermeer employed are still up for debate. Some art historians suggest, he traced images projected from a camera obscura (a predecessor to the photographic camera), but with no physical evidence to back up such claims, some Vermeer specialists remain unconvinced.  On the